VCDS 17.1 3 No Response From Controller: How to Fix?

Navigating the intricacies of modern car coding, especially when dealing with a Vcds 17.1 3 No Response From Controller error, can be daunting without expert guidance. At CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, we provide secure and efficient remote support for all your coding needs, ensuring a seamless experience. Benefit from our technical assistance, ECU programming expertise, and feature activation to enhance your vehicle’s capabilities.

1. What Does “VCDS 17.1 3 No Response From Controller” Mean?

A VCDS 17.1 3 no response from controller error typically indicates that the VCDS (Vag-Com Diagnostic System) software is unable to establish communication with a specific control module (ECU) in your vehicle. This can be due to several reasons, including wiring issues, software glitches, or module malfunctions. Understanding the root cause is essential for effective troubleshooting.

The “VCDS 17.1 3 no response from controller” error can stem from several underlying causes, making systematic diagnosis crucial. The VCDS (Vag-Com Diagnostic System) is a specialized tool used for diagnosing and coding Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, and SEAT vehicles. When it fails to communicate with a controller, it means that the diagnostic requests sent by the VCDS are not being properly received or acknowledged by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). This lack of communication can prevent you from reading diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), performing adaptations, or coding new features. Addressing this error requires a methodical approach to pinpoint the exact reason behind the communication failure.

2. What Causes a VCDS No Response From Controller Error?

Several factors can lead to a VCDS no response from controller error, ranging from simple connection issues to more complex module failures. Here’s a detailed look at the common causes:

• Loose or Damaged Connections: The most common cause is a poor connection between the VCDS cable and the vehicle’s OBD-II port, or between the OBD-II port and the vehicle’s electrical system. Check for bent pins, corrosion, or loose wiring.
• Faulty VCDS Cable: The cable itself might be damaged or defective. Try using a different cable to rule out this possibility.
• Ignition Status: Ensure the vehicle’s ignition is turned on, as some modules only communicate when the ignition is active.
• Software Issues: An outdated or corrupted version of VCDS software can cause communication problems. Ensure you have the latest version installed.
• CAN Bus Problems: The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is the communication backbone for many vehicle systems. Issues such as wiring faults, short circuits, or a faulty module can disrupt communication.
• Module Failure: The control module itself might be defective or damaged. This could be due to electrical surges, water damage, or internal component failure.
• Incorrect Coding: If the module has been incorrectly coded, it might not communicate properly with the diagnostic tool.
• Aftermarket Devices: Some aftermarket devices, such as alarms or remote starters, can interfere with the CAN bus and cause communication issues.
• Low Battery Voltage: Insufficient battery voltage can prevent modules from communicating. Ensure the vehicle’s battery is fully charged.
• K-Line Issues: Older vehicles use the K-line for communication. Problems with the K-line wiring or the interface can prevent communication.

3. How Do I Troubleshoot a VCDS No Response From Controller Issue?

Troubleshooting a VCDS no response from controller issue involves a systematic approach to identify and resolve the underlying cause. Here are the steps you should take:

1. Check the Connections:
   • Ensure the VCDS cable is securely connected to both the vehicle’s OBD-II port and your computer.
   • Inspect the OBD-II port for any signs of damage or corrosion.
   • Check the cable for any visible damage.
2. Verify Ignition Status: Make sure the vehicle’s ignition is turned on. Some modules only respond when the ignition is active.
3. Test with Another Vehicle: If possible, try using the VCDS cable and software on another compatible vehicle. This will help determine if the issue is with the cable or the vehicle.
4. Check Battery Voltage: Ensure the vehicle’s battery has sufficient voltage. Low voltage can prevent modules from communicating.
5. Update VCDS Software: Make sure you are using the latest version of the VCDS software. Outdated software can have compatibility issues with newer modules.
6. Run a Full System Scan: Perform a full system scan to see if other modules are communicating. This can help isolate the issue to a specific module.
7. Check Wiring Diagrams: Consult wiring diagrams for the specific vehicle and module to check for any wiring faults or shorts.
8. Inspect the CAN Bus: Use an oscilloscope or multimeter to check the CAN bus signals for any abnormalities.
9. Disconnect Aftermarket Devices: Disconnect any aftermarket devices that might be interfering with the CAN bus.
10. Check Fuses: Inspect the fuses related to the control module for any signs of damage or failure.
11. Test the Module Directly: If possible, test the module directly using a breakout box to bypass the vehicle’s wiring harness.
12. Seek Professional Help: If you are unable to resolve the issue, seek professional help from a qualified automotive technician or a VCDS specialist.

4. Can a Faulty ECU Cause Communication Errors?

Yes, a faulty ECU (Electronic Control Unit) can indeed cause communication errors. The ECU is the central processing unit of a vehicle’s electronic system, and if it malfunctions, it can disrupt communication with diagnostic tools like VCDS. Several factors can contribute to ECU failure:

• Physical Damage: Damage from accidents, water intrusion, or extreme temperatures can compromise the ECU’s internal components.
• Electrical Surges: Voltage spikes or surges can damage the sensitive electronics within the ECU.
• Component Failure: Internal components such as capacitors, resistors, or microchips can fail over time, leading to communication issues.
• Software Corruption: Corrupted software or firmware can prevent the ECU from functioning correctly.
• Poor Connections: Loose or corroded connections to the ECU can interrupt communication.

If you suspect a faulty ECU, consider these diagnostic steps:

• Check for Power and Ground: Ensure the ECU is receiving proper power and ground connections.
• Inspect Wiring: Look for any signs of damage or corrosion in the wiring harness connected to the ECU.
• Monitor ECU Activity: Use a diagnostic tool to monitor the ECU’s activity and look for any abnormal readings.
• Perform a Scan: Run a full system scan to see if the ECU is responding and reporting any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).
• Consult a Specialist: If you suspect a faulty ECU, consult a specialist for further diagnosis and repair. CAR-CODING.EDU.VN provides expert support for diagnosing and addressing ECU-related communication errors. Contact us at +1 (641) 206-8880 for assistance.

5. What is the Role of CAN Bus in Vehicle Communication?

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a critical component in modern vehicles, serving as the primary communication network between various electronic control units (ECUs). It enables these ECUs to exchange data without needing a host computer. Here’s a detailed look at its role:

• Data Exchange: The CAN bus allows ECUs to share information such as sensor data, control signals, and diagnostic information.
• Reduced Wiring: By using a single bus system, the CAN bus reduces the amount of wiring needed in a vehicle, simplifying the electrical system and reducing weight.
• Real-Time Communication: The CAN bus provides real-time communication, ensuring that critical data is transmitted and received promptly.
• Fault Tolerance: The CAN bus is designed to be fault-tolerant, meaning that it can continue to operate even if one or more nodes fail.
• Diagnostic Capabilities: The CAN bus allows diagnostic tools like VCDS to communicate with the vehicle’s ECUs, enabling technicians to diagnose and troubleshoot issues.

Common issues that can affect the CAN bus include:

• Wiring Faults: Short circuits, open circuits, or damaged wiring can disrupt communication on the CAN bus.
• Module Failures: A faulty ECU can transmit incorrect data or prevent other modules from communicating.
• Termination Resistors: Incorrect or missing termination resistors can cause signal reflections and communication errors.
• Voltage Problems: Low or unstable voltage can affect the performance of the CAN bus.

If you suspect issues with the CAN bus, consider these diagnostic steps:

• Check Wiring: Inspect the CAN bus wiring for any signs of damage or corrosion.
• Verify Termination Resistors: Ensure that the termination resistors are properly installed and functioning correctly.
• Monitor CAN Bus Signals: Use an oscilloscope to monitor the CAN bus signals and look for any abnormalities.
• Perform a Scan: Run a full system scan to see if any ECUs are reporting communication errors.

6. How Can I Update My VCDS Software?

Keeping your VCDS (Vag-Com Diagnostic System) software up to date is crucial for optimal performance and compatibility with the latest vehicle models. Here’s how to update your VCDS software:

1. Visit the Ross-Tech Website: Go to the official Ross-Tech website (www.ross-tech.com).
2. Download the Latest Version: Navigate to the “Downloads” section and download the latest version of the VCDS software.
3. Install the New Version:
   • Close the existing VCDS software on your computer.
   • Run the downloaded installer and follow the on-screen instructions.
   • Ensure that you install the software in the same directory as the previous version to maintain your settings and registration.
4. Connect Your Interface: Connect your VCDS interface cable to your computer and vehicle.
5. Test the Connection: Open the VCDS software and go to the “Options” screen. Click on the “Test” button to verify that the software can communicate with the interface cable.
6. Register Your Software: If you have not already done so, register your VCDS software with Ross-Tech to receive updates and support.
7. Check for Firmware Updates: The VCDS software will automatically check for firmware updates for your interface cable. If an update is available, follow the on-screen instructions to install it.

Keeping your VCDS software up to date ensures that you have the latest features, bug fixes, and compatibility with new vehicle models. This can help prevent communication errors and ensure accurate diagnostic results.

7. What Should I Do If VCDS Still Shows No Response After Troubleshooting?

If VCDS continues to show “No Response From Controller” after initial troubleshooting, more in-depth diagnostics may be required. Start by revisiting the basics, ensuring all connections are secure and the ignition is properly on. It’s also wise to test the VCDS cable on another vehicle to confirm its functionality.

• Advanced Diagnostics: If the basic checks don’t resolve the issue, consider these advanced steps:
  • Check Wiring Diagrams: Consult the vehicle-specific wiring diagrams to verify the continuity and integrity of the communication lines between the diagnostic port and the affected control modules.
  • Inspect the CAN Bus: Use an oscilloscope to analyze the CAN bus signals for any anomalies, such as voltage drops or signal interference, which could indicate a deeper electrical issue.
  • ECU Health: If the CAN bus seems healthy, the issue might be with the ECU itself. Check for any physical damage or corrosion on the ECU connectors.

If these steps still don’t yield a solution, it might be time to seek professional help. CAR-CODING.EDU.VN offers expert remote support to diagnose and resolve complex VCDS communication problems. Our team can provide real-time guidance, helping you navigate the intricacies of vehicle diagnostics and coding. Contact us at +1 (641) 206-8880 for immediate assistance.

8. How Can Remote Support Help With VCDS Errors?

Remote support can be invaluable when dealing with VCDS errors, offering expert assistance without the need for an on-site technician. This service is particularly beneficial for complex issues that require specialized knowledge and real-time guidance.

• Expert Guidance: Remote support connects you with experienced technicians who can provide step-by-step instructions to diagnose and resolve VCDS errors.
• Real-Time Assistance: With remote access, technicians can view your VCDS data in real-time, enabling them to identify and troubleshoot issues more effectively.
• Software Updates: Remote support can help you update your VCDS software and firmware, ensuring you have the latest tools and compatibility.
• ECU Coding: If the error is related to incorrect coding, remote support can assist with reprogramming the ECU to restore proper functionality.
• Cost-Effective: Remote support is often more cost-effective than traditional on-site services, as it eliminates travel expenses and reduces downtime.

At CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, we offer comprehensive remote support services to help you resolve VCDS errors quickly and efficiently. Our team of experts can provide real-time guidance, software updates, and ECU coding assistance, ensuring you get the most out of your VCDS system.

9. What Are Common Coding Issues That Can Cause a “No Response” Error?

Incorrect or incomplete coding can often lead to a “No Response From Controller” error when using VCDS. Coding is the process of configuring the control modules in a vehicle to function according to its specific options and specifications. If the coding is not done correctly, it can cause communication problems and other issues.

• Incorrect Module Selection: Ensure that you are selecting the correct module in VCDS. Choosing the wrong module can result in a “No Response” error.
• Invalid Coding Values: Double-check the coding values you are entering. Incorrect values can cause the module to malfunction and prevent communication.
• Incomplete Coding: Make sure that you complete all necessary coding steps. Skipping a step can leave the module in an incomplete state and cause communication problems.
• Coding Conflicts: Resolve any coding conflicts between different modules. Conflicting coding values can interfere with communication and cause errors.
• Compatibility Issues: Ensure that the coding is compatible with the vehicle’s specific model and year. Using coding values that are not compatible can cause communication problems.

At CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, our experts can help you with accurate coding and resolve any coding-related issues that may be causing a “No Response” error. Contact us at +1 (641) 206-8880 for assistance.

10. How Does CAR-CODING.EDU.VN Ensure Safe Remote Coding?

At CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, we prioritize safety and security in all our remote coding services. Our comprehensive approach ensures that your vehicle’s electronic systems are protected throughout the coding process.

• Secure Connections: We use encrypted communication channels to establish secure connections with your vehicle’s diagnostic port.
• Verified Software: Our technicians use only verified and up-to-date VCDS software to minimize the risk of errors or compatibility issues.
• Expert Technicians: Our team consists of experienced and certified technicians who are trained in the latest coding techniques and best practices.
• Data Backups: Before making any changes, we create backups of your vehicle’s original coding data, allowing us to restore the system to its previous state if necessary.
• Real-Time Monitoring: We monitor the coding process in real-time to detect and address any potential issues immediately.
• Error Prevention: We follow strict protocols to prevent coding errors, including double-checking all values and verifying compatibility.
• Post-Coding Tests: After completing the coding process, we perform thorough testing to ensure that all systems are functioning correctly.

Our commitment to safety and security ensures that you can trust CAR-CODING.EDU.VN for all your remote coding needs. Contact us at +1 (641) 206-8880 to learn more about our services and how we can help you resolve VCDS errors safely and efficiently.

11. What Car Brands and Models Does CAR-CODING.EDU.VN Support for VCDS Coding?

CAR-CODING.EDU.VN offers comprehensive VCDS coding support for a wide range of car brands and models, primarily focusing on vehicles within the Volkswagen Group (VAG). Our expertise covers:

• Volkswagen (VW): Including models like Golf, Passat, Jetta, Tiguan, and Touareg. We handle coding for features such as activating hidden functionalities, retrofitting components, and resolving diagnostic issues.
• Audi: Supporting models like A3, A4, A6, A8, Q3, Q5, and Q7. Our services include enabling features like Audi Drive Select, customizing lighting options, and advanced driver assistance systems coding.
• Skoda: Covering models like Octavia, Superb, and Kodiaq. We offer coding solutions for comfort features, performance enhancements, and diagnostic troubleshooting.
• SEAT: Supporting models like Ibiza, Leon, and Ateca. Our coding services include customizing vehicle settings, enabling sports displays, and enhancing infotainment system features.

Our support extends to a wide array of control modules within these vehicles, including engine control units (ECUs), transmission control units (TCUs), ABS modules, airbag modules, infotainment systems, and more. We leverage our deep understanding of VCDS and VAG vehicles to provide tailored solutions that meet your specific needs.

12. What Types of Features Can Be Activated Through VCDS Coding?

VCDS coding can unlock a variety of features in your vehicle, enhancing its functionality and personalization. Some of the most popular features that can be activated include:

• Hidden Menus: Activating hidden menus in the infotainment system, providing access to advanced settings and diagnostic information.
• Comfort Features: Enabling features like automatic window closing with rain detection, mirror dipping on reverse, and comfort turn signals.
• Lighting Options: Customizing lighting settings, such as enabling cornering lights, adjusting daytime running lights (DRLs), and programming dynamic turn signals.
• Performance Enhancements: Activating features like launch control, adjusting throttle response, and optimizing shift points for improved performance.
• Driver Assistance Systems: Coding advanced driver assistance systems, such as lane assist, adaptive cruise control, and traffic sign recognition.
• Security Features: Enhancing security features, such as activating anti-theft systems and customizing alarm settings.
• Gauge Customization: Modifying gauge displays, such as enabling staging (needle sweep) and customizing the information displayed.
• Sound Options: Adjusting sound system settings, such as enabling subwoofer control and optimizing audio profiles.

The availability of these features depends on the vehicle model, year, and installed hardware.

13. What Equipment Do I Need for Remote VCDS Coding Support?

To receive remote VCDS coding support from CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, you’ll need the following equipment:

• Laptop: A Windows-based laptop with a stable internet connection is required. The laptop should have a USB port for connecting the VCDS cable.
• VCDS Cable: A genuine VCDS cable from Ross-Tech is essential. This cable serves as the interface between your laptop and the vehicle’s OBD-II port.
• VCDS Software: The latest version of the VCDS software must be installed on your laptop.
• OBD-II Port: Your vehicle must have a functioning OBD-II port, which is typically located under the dashboard.
• TeamViewer: TeamViewer or another remote desktop software needs to be installed on your laptop to allow our technicians to remotely access your system.
• Battery Charger: A battery charger or maintainer is recommended to ensure that your vehicle’s battery voltage remains stable during the coding process.

With these tools, our expert technicians at CAR-CODING.EDU.VN can remotely access your vehicle’s control modules and perform coding, adaptations, and diagnostics efficiently and safely.

14. How Long Does a Remote VCDS Coding Session Usually Take?

The duration of a remote VCDS coding session can vary depending on the complexity of the task and the number of features being coded. Simple coding tasks, such as activating a single feature, may take as little as 15-30 minutes. More complex coding sessions, such as retrofitting a component or troubleshooting a diagnostic issue, can take several hours.

Factors that can affect the duration of a coding session include:

• Vehicle Model and Year: Older vehicles may require more time due to slower communication speeds and less standardized coding procedures.
• Control Module Complexity: Some control modules have more complex coding parameters than others, requiring more time for configuration.
• Internet Connection Speed: A stable and fast internet connection is essential for efficient remote coding. Slow or intermittent connections can increase the duration of the session.
• Technician Experience: Our experienced technicians at CAR-CODING.EDU.VN are trained to perform coding tasks efficiently and accurately, minimizing the duration of the session.

Before starting a remote coding session, our technicians will provide an estimated timeframe based on the specific tasks involved. We will also keep you informed of our progress throughout the session and address any questions or concerns you may have.

15. What Are the Costs Associated With Remote VCDS Coding Support?

The costs associated with remote VCDS coding support from CAR-CODING.EDU.VN depend on the complexity of the task and the time required to complete it. We offer competitive pricing and transparent billing, ensuring that you know exactly what you are paying for.

Our pricing is typically based on an hourly rate, with a minimum charge for short coding sessions. We may also offer fixed-price packages for common coding tasks, such as activating specific features or retrofitting components.

Additional factors that can affect the cost of remote VCDS coding support include:

• Vehicle Model and Year: Some vehicles may require more specialized knowledge or tools, which can affect the cost.
• Control Module Complexity: Coding complex control modules may require more time and expertise, which can increase the cost.
• Diagnostic Services: If diagnostic services are required to identify and resolve underlying issues, this may incur additional costs.

Before starting a remote coding session, we will provide you with a detailed cost estimate and explain all the charges involved. We also offer flexible payment options to suit your needs.

16. How Do I Prepare My Car for a Remote VCDS Coding Session?

Preparing your car for a remote VCDS coding session is essential to ensure a smooth and efficient process. Here are the steps you should take:

1. Ensure Battery is Charged: Make sure your car’s battery is fully charged. Coding can take some time, and a low battery can interrupt the process. It’s advisable to connect a battery charger or maintainer during the session.
2. Park in a Well-Lit Area: Park your car in a well-lit and easily accessible area. This will allow you to connect the VCDS cable and laptop comfortably.
3. Gather Necessary Equipment: Ensure you have all the necessary equipment, including a Windows-based laptop, a genuine VCDS cable from Ross-Tech, the latest version of the VCDS software, and a stable internet connection.
4. Install Remote Access Software: Install TeamViewer or another remote desktop software on your laptop. This will allow our technicians to remotely access your system.
5. Provide Vehicle Information: Provide our technicians with accurate information about your car, including the model, year, and VIN (Vehicle Identification Number). This will help them prepare for the coding session and ensure compatibility.
6. Clear Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs): Clear any existing DTCs from your car’s control modules before the session. This will help prevent confusion and ensure that the coding process is not affected by unrelated issues.
7. Disable Aftermarket Devices: Disable any aftermarket devices that may interfere with the coding process, such as alarms or remote starters.
8. Be Available: Be available during the scheduled coding session to answer any questions and provide assistance as needed.

By following these steps, you can help ensure a successful and efficient remote VCDS coding session with CAR-CODING.EDU.VN.

17. What Happens If the Remote Coding Session Is Interrupted?

Interruptions during a remote coding session can occur due to various reasons, such as internet connectivity issues, power outages, or software glitches. At CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, we have protocols in place to handle such situations and minimize any potential risks.

• Immediate Assessment: If an interruption occurs, our technician will immediately assess the situation and determine the best course of action.
• Data Recovery: In most cases, we can recover the coding session and resume from where it left off. We regularly create backups of your vehicle’s coding data, allowing us to restore the system to its previous state if necessary.
• Rollback Procedure: If the interruption occurs during a critical coding process, we may need to perform a rollback procedure to revert the changes and prevent any damage to your vehicle’s control modules.
• Communication: We will communicate with you throughout the process, keeping you informed of our progress and any actions we need to take.
• Rescheduling: If the interruption cannot be resolved quickly, we will reschedule the coding session for a more convenient time.

Our goal is to ensure that your remote coding session is completed safely and efficiently, even in the event of an interruption.

18. How Can I Verify That the Coding Changes Were Successful?

After a remote VCDS coding session, it’s essential to verify that the changes were successful and that your vehicle is functioning correctly. Here are several methods you can use to verify the coding changes:

• Visual Inspection: Check for any visible changes, such as new menu options in the infotainment system or altered lighting behavior.
• Functional Testing: Test the newly coded features to ensure they are working as expected. For example, if you coded automatic window closing with rain detection, test the feature by spraying water on the windshield while the windows are open.
• Diagnostic Scan: Perform a diagnostic scan using VCDS to check for any new Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) related to the coding changes.
• Module Verification: Use VCDS to verify the coding values in the control modules that were modified. Compare the new coding values to the original values to ensure they are correct.
• Review Documentation: Review any documentation provided by CAR-CODING.EDU.VN to confirm that the coding changes were implemented correctly.

If you notice any issues or have any concerns, contact our support team immediately. We will work with you to resolve any problems and ensure that your vehicle is functioning correctly.

19. Is It Possible to Damage My Car’s ECU During Remote Coding?

While remote coding is generally safe when performed by experienced professionals, there is always a small risk of damaging your car’s ECU (Electronic Control Unit). However, at CAR-CODING.EDU.VN, we take extensive precautions to minimize this risk.

• Expert Technicians: Our team consists of highly skilled and experienced technicians who are trained in the latest coding techniques and best practices.
• Secure Connections: We use encrypted communication channels to establish secure connections with your vehicle’s diagnostic port.
• Verified Software: We use only verified and up-to-date VCDS software to minimize the risk of errors or compatibility issues.
• Data Backups: Before making any changes, we create backups of your vehicle’s original coding data, allowing us to restore the system to its previous state if necessary.
• Real-Time Monitoring: We monitor the coding process in real-time to detect and address any potential issues immediately.
• Error Prevention: We follow strict protocols to prevent coding errors, including double-checking all values and verifying compatibility.

Despite these precautions, unforeseen circumstances can still lead to ECU damage. In such cases, CAR-CODING.EDU.VN cannot be held liable for any damages. By using our remote coding services, you acknowledge and accept this risk.

20. How Do I Contact CAR-CODING.EDU.VN for Remote VCDS Coding Support?

Contacting CAR-CODING.EDU.VN for remote VCDS coding support is easy. We offer multiple channels for you to reach out to our team of experts:

• Phone: Call us directly at +1 (641) 206-8880 to speak with one of our technicians. We are available to answer your questions and provide assistance during our business hours.
• WhatsApp: Send us a message via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880. This is a convenient way to communicate with us, especially if you have pictures or videos to share.
• Website: Visit our website at CAR-CODING.EDU.VN and fill out the contact form. We will respond to your inquiry as soon as possible.
• Email: Send us an email with your questions or concerns. We will respond to your email as soon as possible.
• Office Address: Our office is located at 100 Tech Innovation Dr, Suite 500, San Jose, CA 95110, United States. However, please note that we primarily offer remote support services and do not provide on-site services at this location.

No matter which channel you choose, we are committed to providing you with prompt and professional support. Contact us today to learn more about our remote VCDS coding services and how we can help you enhance your vehicle’s functionality and performance.

Is coding proving more challenging than expected? Don’t risk damaging your vehicle’s sensitive systems. Contact CAR-CODING.EDU.VN now via WhatsApp at +1 (641) 206-8880 for expert remote VCDS coding support! Let our skilled technicians guide you through the process safely and efficiently, ensuring your car performs at its best.